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The Neoplastic Transformation Potential of Mammography X Rays and Atomic Bomb Spectrum Radiation

Heyes G J, Mill A J

Radiation Biophysics Group, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.

Considerable controversy currently exists regarding the biological effectiveness of 29 kVp X-rays which are used for mammography screening. This issue must be resolved to enable proper evaluation of radiation risks from breast screening. Here is a definitive assessment of the biological effectiveness of 29 kVp X-rays compared to the quality of radiation to which the atomic bomb survivors were exposed to for the first time. The standard radiation sources were: -

a) an atomic bomb simulation spectrum and
b) 2.2 MeV electrons from strontium-90/yttrium-90 (90Sr/90Y) radioactive source

The biological end point used was neoplastic transformation in vitro in CGL1 (HeLa x human fibroblast hybrid) cells. No significant difference was observed for the biological effectiveness of the two high-energy sources for neoplastic transformation. A limiting relative biological effectiveness (RBE(M)) of 4.42 +/- 2.02 was observed for neoplastic transformation by 29 kVp X-rays compared to theses two sources. This compares with values of 4.67 +/- 3.93 calculated from previously published data and 3.57 +/- 1.77 when the reference radiation was 200 and220 kVp Xrays. This suggests that the risks associated with mammography screening may be approximately five times higher than previously assumed and that the risk-benefit relationship of mammography exposures may need to be re-examined.

PMID: 15387138 [PubMed – indexed from MEDLINE]

Articles

Beyond Mammography
This is a recent article excellently written by Len Saputo MD (of the Health Medicine Institute, California, USA) to whom we are extremely grateful for his valuable contribution. (Download PDF)


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Links
Preventbc.com - a web site about preventing breast cancer.

We have a close working relationship with Cancer Options, a team of orthodox research professionals, who are committed to helping clients make confident, imformed choices about their cancer care.